Hand Tools - Screwdrivers

Screwdrivers are made in various shapes and sizes and for many uses. Use the correct screwdriver for the job.

• Always match the screwdriver to the screw head, both in terms of size and type.
• Choose contoured handles that fit the shank tightly, with a flange to keep the hand from slipping off the tool.
• Use a slot screwdriver with a blade tip width that is the same as the width of slotted screw head.
• For cross head screws, use the correct size and type of screwdriver: a Phillips screwdriver may slip out of a screw head designed for use with the slightly, flatter-tipped Pozidriv screwdriver.
• Use a vise or clamp to hold the stock if the piece is small or moves easily.
• Wear safety glasses or a face shield (with safety glasses or goggles) that is appropriate for the hazards of the work you are doing.
• Keep the screwdriver handle clean. A greasy handle could cause an injury or damage from unexpected slippage.
• Shut off electricity before beginning work on electrical equipment (lock out, de-energize and tag out).
• If work must be carried out on "live" equipment, use screwdrivers that have insulated handles designed for electrical work and a non-conducting shaft.  Remember, most plastic handles are designed for grip and comfort.
• Use non-magnetic tools when working near strong magnets (e.g., in some laboratories).
• Use a screw-holding screwdriver (with screw-holding clips or magnetic blades) to get screws started in awkward, hard-to-reach areas. Square-tipped screwdrivers (e.g., Robertson) that hold screws with recessed square holes are also useful in such situations.
• Use an offset screwdriver in close quarters where a conventional screwdriver cannot be used.

Offset Screwdriver

• Use a screwdriver that incorporates the following features when continuous work is needed:
  • A pistol grip to provide for a straighter wrist and better leverage.
  • A "Yankee drill" mechanism (spiral ratchet screwdriver or push screwdriver) which rotates the blade when the tool is pushed forward.
  • A ratchet device to drive hard-to-move screws efficiently.
• Or use a powered screwdriver.

Yankee Drill Mechanism with a Pistol Grip

• File a rounded tip square making sure the edges are straight. A dull or rounded tip can slip out of the slot and cause hand injury or damage to materials.
• Store screwdrivers in a rack or partitioned pouch so that the proper screwdriver can be selected quickly.

• Do not lean or push on a screwdriver with any more force than necessary to keep contact with the screw. A screw properly piloted and fitted will draw itself into the right position when turned. Keep the shank directly over the screw being driven.
• Do not hold the stock in one hand while using the screwdriver with the other. If the screwdriver slips out of the slot, you may cut your hand.
• Do not hammer screws which cannot be turned.
• Do not grind the tip to fit all sizes of screw heads.
• Do not try to use screwdrivers on screw heads for which they are not designed (e.g., straight blade screwdrivers on Phillips, clutch head, Torx or multi-flutted spline screw heads).
• Do not use defective screwdrivers (i.e., ones with rounded or damaged edges or tips; split or broken handle; or bent shaft).
• Do not use a screwdriver for prying, punching, chiseling, scoring, scraping or stirring paint.
• Do not use pliers on the handle of a screwdriver for extra turning power. A wrench should only be used on the square screwdriver shank designed for that purpose.
• Do not expose a screwdriver blade to excessive heat. Heat can affect the temper of the metal and weaken the tool.
• Do not use a screwdriver to check if an electrical circuit is live. Use a suitable meter or other circuit testing device.
• Do not carry screwdrivers in your pockets.

Refer to OSH Answers General Hand Tool Operation for more tips.